CROWNとLEAP

Lesson 3　Hatching the Egg of Hope

❶ hatch (2013), graduate (175), injustice (1059), share ∼ with...(165), spend ∼ V-ing (303), pass by (119) ❷ orphan (1135), urge (1624), frighten (307), refuse (599), imaginary (182), according (999), career (532), collaboration (2016), happen to ∼ (155), according to ∼ (999) ❸ earthquake (211), cheer (129), usefulness (866), disaster (709), supply (861), donate (1497), creation (44), condition (50), shell (1325), destroy (102), cheer ∼ up (129) ❹ represent (160), (be) based on ∼ (161)

Lesson 4　Digging into Mystery

❶ mystery (myth 1336), presentation (314), prehistory (history 168), prehistoric (168), impress (19), artifact (artificial 30), mysterious (1336), incidentally (1329) ❷ structure (541), evidnece (79), permanently (853), climate (721), make a guess (183) ❸ cultural (339), pregnant (1037), pray (359), obsess (2257), ritual (1917) ❹ conclusion (679), exert (2060), influence (379), expo (649), inspire (603), enable (134)

Lesson 5　Roots & Shoots

❶ conserve (707), observe (425), behavior (152), determined (678), advantage (233) ❷ cruel (742), male (114), community (497), territory (1092), indeed (392), caring (687), I mean (353) ❸ conservation (707), besides (399), disease (450), cure (462), connected (552), grain (1733), environment (711), make up ∼ (p.17), be in danger of ∼ (104) ❹ consequence (1378), break through ∼ (1411)

Lesson 6　You and Your Smartphone

❶ charge (518), examine (670), bend (619), estimate (682), rapidly (805), population (70), rate (276), indicate (932), digital (2180) ❷ decade (860), relate (553), amuse (941), technology (27), pleasant (248), benefit (495), practical (801), instance (1351), emergency (848), monitor (1190), burn (657) ❸ negative (785), effect (378), entertain (940), negatively (785), development (34), mental (447), physical (57), risk (793), distract (1950), attention (653), solve (126), focus (197), pay attention to ∼ (324/653), focus one's attention (on ∼) (197/653) ❹ mentally (447), rely (358), replace (862), laziness (220), spread (610), ability (36), independently (811), impact (480), limit (596), moderation (987), to make matters worse (243/1630)

Lesson 7　Living in Alaska

❶ wildlife (1240), distant (910), remote (1358), tiny (1275), reply (421) ❷ vast (1273), expanse (607), wilderness (1741) temperature (212), degree (213), melt (585), horizon (712) ❸ successful (135), elder (113), prayer (359), instruction (677) ❹ attract (942), Arctic (2150), imagination (182), enrich (1161), come to (one's) mind (192)

Lesson 8　Not So Long Ago

❶ exhibition (1939), feature (231), ancient (302), progress (589), achieve (40), equality (482), particularly (827) ❷ serious (766), tip (4), flame (1744), deserve (822) ❸ operation (144), repair (145) ❹ journalist (1338), witness (1119)

Lesson 9　Our Lost Friend

❶ statue (1334), moreover (995), scatter (640), damage (101), height (909), permission (1215), translate (927), gain (671), delegation (2112) ❷ soul (1342), attraction (942), embodiment (2067), ancestor (69), legend (1915), insert (1641), ambassador (1513) ❸ discuss (5), proposal (1001), deny (133), security (1188), environmental (711), scholar (676), access (506), argue (7), heritage (916), object (405), point of view (203) ❹ critic (402), artwork (340), colonial (1479), present-day (314), precedent (1910), rightful (387), priceless (86), entire (1387), display (355), desire (411)

Lesson 10　Good Ol' Charlie Brown

❶ cartoon (341), cartoonist (341), publish (354), capture (1189) ❷ compete (564), aspect (546), incident (1329), compete with ∼ (564), focus on ∼ (197) ❸ failure (137), sensitive (467), wealth (93) ❹ burst (584), fame (240), define (928), courage (972), individual (498), be likely to ∼ (120) ❺ author (108), encouragement (130), sensitivity (467)

Optional Lesson / Find Your Own Donut

p.184 governing board (81/309), spouse (1580), extreme (984), honor (413), anniversary (295), congratulate (17), stressed (52) p.185 HR/Human Resources (1056, 706), employment (527), occasion (849), challenge (442), dorm (1698), astonishing (1945), discovery (33) p.186 assume (686), tricky (870), talented (37), inevitable (1283), pile up (275), in some respects (966), completely (388) p.187 weave (1768), fabric (1766), generation (294), hardship (1061), recession (520), recall (699), testify (1502), Congress (2113), entrepreneurship (1536), instill (1712), be willing to do (1965), objectively (817), hang on to～ (642), sentimental (2213), take the risk of doing (793) p.188 industry (511), undergo (1179), revolutionary (1074), predict (185), embrace (1658), burdened (479), take ～ for granted (698), mentor (2072), dismay (2079) p.189 feed off ～ (730), global (476), citizen (471), inform (26), era (1309), possibility (990)

CROWN English Communication Ⅱ (2023)

Lesson 1　Lost in Translation

❶ translation (927), tempt (1369), professor (533), warning (1162), completely (388), expression (24), assumption (686), corresponding (1555), translate ∼ into... (927) ❷ attractive (942), essence (762), consult (890), detailed (232), explanation (21), aesthetic (1968), concept (1204), complex (767), impossible (990), abstract (802), equivalent (1552), define ∼ as... (928), look out at ∼ (700) ❸ linguist (1929), beat (645), amazing (948), distance (910), amount (839), conceptualize (1204) ❹ conclude (679), stroll (2002), breathe (55), non-native (71), allow (198), pile ∼ up (275)

Lesson 2　One Book Can Empower a Child

❶ fee (89), quit (178), decent (1805), fragment (823), envy (964) ❷ cooperate (1078), escape (639), extremely (984), leaky (720), lack (278) ❸ illiterate (919), expand (607), diplomat (1514) ❹ staff (109), storytelling (331), session (1310), absorb (944), passage (347)

Lesson 3　Accessible Japan

❶ accessible (506), disability (463), diagnose (1442), severe (789), electric (31), facility (908), nursery (1444), despite (1000), employee (527), be diagnosed with ∼ (1442) ❷ location (911), accessibility (506), fortunately (1094), occasion (849) ❸ challenge (442), overcome (437), divide (270), disabled (463), tend (821), economy (94), less than ∼ (1308) ❹ firmly (1100), first-hand (299), reliable (358), objective (817), vary (263), citizen (471), involve (663), from person to person (1535)

Lesson 4　Crossing the Border

❶ border (), establish (), injured (), regardless (), religion (), politics (), organization (), refugee (), regardless of ∼ () ❷ interpreter (), equipment (), patient (), malaria (), asthma (), pneumonia (), diarrhea (), soldier (), weapon (), health worker (), put away ∼ () ❸ oxygen (), pale (), improve (), tank () ❹ compassion (), necessary (), countless (), minority (), confidence (), belief (), put ∼ into action ()

Lesson 5　Mental Toughness

❶ toughness (), perform (), potential (), tough (), calm (), require (), technique (), upcoming () ❷ self-confidence (), plague (), perfectly (), negativity (), sprinter (), consider (), of all time () ❸ emotion (), muscle (), performance (), champion (), cue (), mad (), scared (), switch (), golfer (), putt (), downhill (), tip (), double-fault (), whenever (), whatever (), make a shot (), in the world () ❹ visualize (), skier (), roar (), olympian (), scenario (), occur (), serve (), alleviate (), nervousness ()

Lesson 6　Walking in Gaudi's Footsteps

❶ footstep (), devote (), chief (), sculptor (), sculpture (), construction (), inner (), carve (), solidly (), hop (), bar (), sardine (), wine (), hardly (), atmosphere (), devote ∼ to... (), what if ∼ () ❷ underway (), instinct (), architect (), outsider (), discourage (), expectation (), overjoyed (), congratulation (), chance upon ∼ () ❸ practically (), suspicion (), ordeal (), prove (), angel (), harp (), misunderstanding (), definitely (), nerve (), hammer (), annoy (), for a drink () ❹ dedicate (), inspiration (), sketch (), absolutely (), struggle (), tomb (), path (), philosophy (), motto (), encounter (), passion (), optimistic (), loose (), from that day on ()

Lesson 7　Why Biomimicry?

❶ biomimicry (), conform (), accomplish (), pesticide (), institution (), exist (), educate (), harmful (), poison (), carbon dioxide (), global warming (), harmony (), maintain (), sustainable () ❷ imitation (), imitate (), sustain (), supporting (), threaten (), hammingbird (), gram (), fuel (), weight () ❸ tunnel (), kingfisher (), dive (), splash (), environmentally (), air conditioning (), termite (), mound (), repellent (), rough (), surface (), dirt (), generation (), sportswear () ❹ aware (), forever (), judge (), innovation (), powerful (), tool (), survival ()

Lesson 8　Invisible No Longer

❶ invisible (), nutritional (), wage (), cacao (), account (), industry (), make a wage () ❷ strap (), toddler (), tow (), pod (), harvest (), attach (), pole (), income (), unfairness (), patriarchal (), financial (), aid (), gender (), gap () ❸ needless (), Fairtrade (), leadership (), management (), transformation (), negotiate (), task (), budget (), previously (), needless to say () ❹ knowledge (), unstable (), worthy (), promote (), empowerment (), awareness ()

Lesson 9　Nudges

❶ nudge (), stranger (), experimental (), basic (), effective (), step on ∼ (), at the same time (), result in ∼ (), at least () ❷ experiment (), properly (), loudspeaker (), sensor (), underground (), honk (), capital (), manner (), reset (), signal (), horn (), decibel () ❸ socially (), beneficial (), neither (), nor (), online (), trial (), subscription (), automatically (), involuntary (), purchase (), target (), careless (), cancel (), trick (), salary (), neither ∼ nor...(), in one's best interest () ❹ reminder (), cautious (), propose (), misleading (), reject (), welfare (), proper (), improper (), evaluate (), basis (), fool ()

Lesson 10　Are We Alone?

❶ uncertainty (), orbit (), galaxy (), universe (), astronomer (), unlikely (), explode (), deal in ∼ () ❷ extra-solar (), unsuitable (), proportion (), rocky (), extraterrestrial (), regard (), essential (), liquid (), steam (), rare (), will [won't] do (), if not ∼ (), be covered with ∼ () ❸ boil (), freeze (), assume (), strictly (), mass (), gravity (), rhinoceros (), nickel (), coal () ❹ sum (), habitable (), so-called (), zone (), extreme (), random (), scientific (), equip (), seek (), meaningful (), identify (), sensible (), implausible (), investigation (), discovery (), fiction (), in order for ∼ to...()

CROWN English Communication Ⅲ (2024)

Lesson 1　How Language Shpes the Way We Think

❶ cognitive (), magical (), transmit (), differ (), vocabulary (), forth (), data (), weigh () ❷ cardinal (), northeast (), orientation (), toward(s) (), landscape (), dramatically () ❸ realm (), exact (), quantity (), folk (), linguistic (), spectrum (), boundary (), differentiate (), lifetime (), distinguish (), categorize (), perceptually (), discriminate (), whereas () ❹ specify (), requirement (), beauty (), diversity (), reveal (), ingenious (), tragic ()

Lesson 2　Weak Robots

❶ servant (), slave (), autonomous (), prove (), wander (), delivery (), doorstep (), vision () sweep (), tangle (), cord (), cleverly (), weakness () ❷ dependence (), defect (), virtue (), interaction (), wastebasket (), sociable (), helplessly (), cleaner (), defective (1173), dehumanize () ❸ artificial intelligence (), intimate (), satisfaction (), infant (), helplessness (), coexistence (), explore (), colleague (), one-armed (), hand-in-hand (), infer (), intention (), interpersonal () ❹ theoretical (), implication (), present-day (), rapid (), growth (), caregiver (), sector (), device (), lift (), ease (), companionship (), comfort (), application (), companion (), possibly ()

Lesson 3　Fake News Is Everywhere: Beware!

❶ beware (), obtain (), pitfall (), misinformation (), cope (), epidemic (), tissue (), stock (), shortage (), protective (), sanitizer (), rumor () ❷ phenomenon (), beloved (), sadden (), telegram (), exaggerate (), propaganda (), official (), contribute (), massacre (), dangerously (), expose (), destructive (), discerning (), proceed () ❸ regulation (), strategy (), ashamed (), recognition (), ignorance (), philosopher (), bias (), prejudice (), disagree (), psychologist (), confirmation (), tendency () ❹ edit (), platform (), anonymous (), insider (), bypass (), feedback (), network (), appeal (), sensational (), plain (), obligation (), massive (), click (), thrice ()

Lesson 4　Beyond What Nature Intends

p.52 intend () p.54 prominent (), climber (), scale (), route (), peak (), northeastern (), reasonable (), brutal (), windchill (), minus (), Fahrenheit () p.55 disoriented (), stranded (), howl (), hug (), hypothermic (), hypothermia (), surrender (), snowshoer (), airlift () p.56 frostbite (), artificial (), crude (), plaster (), acrylic (), rudimentary (), rehabilitation (), amputation (), pound (), mimic (), modification (), stiffness (), spike (), narrow () p.57 prosthetic (), competitor (), enroll (), mechanical (), Ph.D (), biophysics (), string (), breakthrough (), biomechatronics (), R&D (), lab (), biology (), mechanics (), electronics (), restore () p.58 bionic (), limb (), amputee (), comparable (), biological (), paralysis (), spinal (), synthetic (), eliminate (), extend (), replacement (), fundamentally (), redefine ()

Lesson 5　How to Beat Procrastination

p.66 procrastination p.68 psychology (), blog (), lifelong (), procrastinator (), battle (), procrastinate () p.69 rational (), maker (), coexist (), instant (), gratification (), helpless (), maximize (), pleasure (), insane () p.70 monster (), inactive (), deadline (), embarrassment (), freak (), wheel (), regain (), desperate (), shutdown (), diagram (), anytime (), occasionally (), flow (), immersed () p.72 distraction (), fierce (), resistance (), p.73 accomplishment (), self-esteem (), jolt (), suppress (), diminish (), impulse () p.74 caution (), terribly (), short-term (), succeed (), resist (), persistence (), yield (), core (), regret (), severely ()

Lesson 6　Today's Treasure, Tomorrow's Trash

p.86 trend (), e-waste (), high-tech (), tablet (), stack (), manufacturer (), ton (), toxic (), leak (), chemical (), landfill (), emit (), greenhouse (), mercury () p.87 federal (), agency (), uncover (), lifespan (), outdated (), usable (), remarkable (), conclusive (), proof (), speculate (), intentionally (), shorten (), boost (), obsolescence () p.88 gadget (), junk (), furthermore (), emission (), associated (), production (), obsolete (), prevention (), troubleshoot (), authorized (), repairer (), unable () p.89 obviously (), incentive (), monopoly (), otherwise (), momentum (), aim (), technician (), campaign (), spare (), claim (), carbon dioxide () p.90 eco- (), standard (), dishwasher (), etc. (), obtainable (), repairable (), repairable (), bill (), suit (), lobby (), legislation (), disposable (), ecological (), cherish ()

Lesson 7　Only Camera Lens between Us

p.98 lens () p.100 reintegrate (), disarmament (), demobilization (), reintegration (), DDR (), unknown (), atlas (), crucial (), plight (), specialist (), majority (), flee () p.101 genocide (), trauma (), heal (), specialty (), resolution (), website (), specialize (), ex- (), initiate (), trainee (), sewing (), dressmaking () p.102 actual (), undaunted (), facilitate (), expertise (), ceasefire (), disarm () p.103 launch (), vulnerable (), civil (), persuade (), convinced (), ready-made () p.104 deprive (), willpower (), option (), background (), overwhelm (), sympathize (), ambition ()

Lesson 8　Super Clone Cultural Properties

p.114 clone () p.116 artifact (), reproduce (), put～on display (), series (), direct (), delighted (), be delighted to～ ≓ be glad to～ (), regular (), asset (), dilemma (), preserve (), make～available to the public ≓ allow anyone access to～ (), preservation () p.177 reproduction (), replica (), as in the case of～ ≓ as illustrated by～ (), accurate (), retain (), gene () p.118 curl (), heavenly (), maiden (), halo (), impressive (), supplement (), supplement～with... ≓ add...to～ (), measurement (), academic (), reference (), faithfully (), analysis (), craftsman (), copperware (), casting (), partnership (), cutting-edge (), craftsmanship () p.119 transcend (), filter (), right off～ ≓ completely separately from～ (), canvas (), deterioration (), currently (), bloom (), plum (), blossom (), soak (), fragrance (), subtle (), irregularity () p.120 pass～on to... ≓ give～to... (), endanger (), restoration (), displace (), discolor (), catalog (), instrumental (), artwork (), appropriate ()

Lesson 9　Culture in the Animal Kingdom

p.132 fad (), sanctuary (), accessory (), take one's eyes off～ ≓ stop looking at～ (), take up～ ≓ learn to do～ (), live on ≓ continue to exist (), follower (), arise (), spontaneously (), definition (), misguided (), biologist (), exclusive (), nonsense (), symphony (), orchestra (), evolutionary (), pass down～ ≓ teach～to someone who is younger () P.133 mount (), chimp (), fashionista (), dress up ≓ put on special clothes (), appearance (), makeup (), vulture (), rub (), reddish (), hue (), bowerbird (), elaborately (), bower (), shiny (), charcoal (), year by year, cf. each year () p.134 lobtail (), plunge (), out of the blue ≓ unexpectedly (), smack (), viral (), slap (), skeptic (), p.135 simulate (), hanger (), ordinarily (), twig (), come by～ ≓ find～ (), settle (), migration (), instinctive (), observation (), migratory () p.136 circumstance (), whooping crane (), extinct (), flock (), migrate (), chick (), increasingly (), reluctant (), be reluctant to～ ≓ be not willing to～ (), a golden age ≓ the most flourishing period ()

Lesson 10　Does Money Make You Mean?

p.146 inequality (), differently from～ ≓ in a different way from～ (), dozens of～ ≓ many～ (), as～, so... (), entitlement (), self-interest (), empathy (), decrease (), economic (), prosper (), rig (), twice as much～as... ≓ two times as much～as... (), favor (), in favor of～ ≓ to the advantage of～ stranger (), celebration (), slap～down (), pretzel (), boastful (), less and less～ p.147 metaphor (), greed (), pursuit (), narcissistic (), portion (), p.148 participate (), developmental (), put～above... ≓ treat～as more important than... (), interest ≓ benefit (), undersandable (), as long as～ ≓ only if (), apply oneself ≓ work hard (), pursue (), unprecedented (), honesty (), be out of reach ≓ be impossible (), There's every reason to～ ≓ There's very good reason to～ (), be concerned about～ ≓ think seriously about～ (), mobility (), crime (), outcome (), at the top ≓ at the highest point () p.149 be out of control ≓ be impossible to control (), laboratory (), generous (), empathetic () p.150 help out～ ≓ help～who is in a difficult situation (), fellow feeling (), innate (), slight (), beyond the walls of～ ≓ outside of～ (), combat (), inequity (), fortune (), charity ()